In 1931, Pehr Lugn instigated the first Swedish excavation expedition to Egypt. The Swedish archaeologists were primarily interested in prehistoric Egypt as they hoped to gather comparative materials for the collection of Egyptian antiquities in Sweden. The location chosen by the Swedish archaeologists, Merimde Abu Ghalib, turned out to contain the remains of a settlement from the Middle Kingdom of Egypt and a large quantity of everyday pottery and ceramics, which today are part of the Egyptian Collection at Medelhavsmuseet.
In 1937, the excavations in Merimde Abu Ghalib came to an end. Swedish archaeologist Hjalmar Larsen published the results of the excavations and findings made during the expedition. He also directed a small Swedish archaeological expedition at Helwan (Maassara), south of Cairo. In just one excavation season, Hjalmar Larsen and his team successfully unearthed sections of a cemetery from the Early Dynastic period (ancient Egyptian dynasties).
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