Första kinesisk-japanska kriget, även känt som första sino-japanska kriget (kinesiska: 中日甲午戰爭; pinyin: Zhōngrì Jiǎwǔzhànzhēng; japanska: 日清戦争 rōmaji: Nisshin Sensō) var en väpnad konflikt mellan Qingdynastins Kina och Japanska imperiet, som varade från den 1 augusti 1894 till den 17 april 1895. Kriget gällde i huvudsak kontrollen över Koreahalvön och resulterade i en förskjutning av makten i området till Japans fördel.
På svenska benämns kriget omväxlande sino-japanska kriget och kinesisk-japanska kriget. För att skilja detta från det andra sino-japanska kriget så kallas kriget "Jiawukriget" (甲午戦争) på kinesiska, eftersom det inträffade under det kinesiska året med samma namn. Den japanska benämningen "Nisshin Sensō" betyder bokstavligt "Japan-Qing-kriget".
The First Sino-Japanese War (25 July 1894 – 17 April 1895) was a conflict between the Qing dynasty of China and the Empire of Japan primarily over influence in Joseon Korea. After more than six months of unbroken successes by Japanese land and naval forces and the loss of the port of Weihaiwei, the Qing government sued for peace in February 1895.
The war demonstrated the failure of the Qing dynasty's attempts to modernize its military and fend off threats to its sovereignty, especially when compared with Japan's successful Meiji Restoration. For the first time, regional dominance in East Asia shifted from China to Japan; the prestige of the Qing dynasty, along with the classical tradition in China, suffered a major blow. The humiliating loss of Korea as a tributary state sparked an unprecedented public outcry. Within China, the defeat was a catalyst for a series of political upheavals led by Sun Yat-sen and Kang Youwei, culminating in the 1911 Xinhai Revolution.
The war is commonly known in China as the War of Jiawu (Chinese: 甲午戰爭; pinyin: Jiǎwǔ Zhànzhēng), referring to the year (1894) as named under the traditional sexagenary system of years. In Japan, it is called the Japan–Qing War (Japanese: 日清戦争, Hepburn: Nisshin sensō). In Korea, where much of the war took place, it is called the Qing–Japan War (Korean: 청일전쟁; Hanja: 淸日戰爭).
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