Carlotta - the museum database

1946.34.0012 :: manuskript

Object description

Manuskript bestående av 25 blad med piktogram.

Naxi-folket, också kallat Mosu, bor i Yunnan-provinsen i södra Kina. Befolkningen uppgår till knappt 250.000. Naxi-folkets religion anses överensstämma med den förbuddhistiska tibetanska Bön-religionen, men har även inslag av buddhism. Deras skriftspråk är piktografiskt, det består av bildtecken. Hur gammalt detta skriftspråk är vet man inte. Det utövades av en religiös elit och är idag på utdöende, då det nästan enbart är gamla präster som fortfarande behärskar språket. Det finns i huvudsak två stilar, dels den helt piktografiska, dels en mer förenklad variant som gradvis håller på att övergå till en syllabisk skrift. (Exempel på denna förenklade skrift kan ses i manuskript 1946.34.6 A.) De manuskript som ingår i denna samling är religiösa texter, skapelseberättelser och myter. De är tämligen enkla i sitt utförande och är förmodligen skrivna någon gång under 1800-talet. Det förekommer också mer utarbetade varianter där hela texten är färglagd./CR

Object description: Mo-.ssu-manUskrie

Data elements
References (2)

Inventarienummer

1946.34.0012

Sakord

manuskript

Sakord, engelska

manuscript

Etnisk grupp - ursprung

naxi

Region - ursprung

Yunnan

Land - ursprung

Kina : Asien

Geonames-referens: sws.geonames.org
Källor, Wikipedia - beskr. av: sv.wikipedia.org

Land, engelska - ursprung

China

Världsdel - ursprung

Asien

Världsdel, engelska - ursprung

Asia

Beskrivning

Manuskript bestående av 25 blad med piktogram.

; Mo-.ssu-manUskrie [ocr]

Beskrivning - engelska

Naxi Handmade Paper and Writing Instruments Making handmade paper is an important part of the traditional transmission of a Dongba(shaman)’s knowledge, from father to son. Producing the paper entails collecting materials, cooking, rinsing, beating, mixing, calendering and sun-drying. In the dry season (November to May), it takes around 2 or 3 days to make the paper, while in the rainy season (June to October), it can take 5 days to complete production. Naxi paper is made from a type of shrub that grows on the hills of the Yunnan plateau at altitudes of over 2000 metres. The Naxi name for this shrub is Azhuazhua (in Latin, wikstroemia lichiangensis). It is generally about one metre tall. The Dongba typically select robust trees with as few branches as possible, taking branches from the middle, cutting off the ends and grouping them together in order to obtain more fibres easily. Azhuazhua contains toxic substances, and this toxicity complicates the production of handmade paper. But this manual labor creates a writing surface that can be transmitted from generation to generation because this toxicity acts as an insecticide, helping preserve religious manuscripts. By making paper, Naxi shamans transform natural materials into writing surfaces to be used permanently for their religious activities, but to do this they must overcome the pain caused by the material's toxicity. The pain often lasts one or two days. When first learning to make paper, a Dongba’s disciples often find it very painful, but once they become accustomed to it, they feel it less. Traditionally, ink is made from soot from the hearths of traditional Naxi wooden houses. The Naxi people of Baidi in Yunnan's Diqing Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture mainly use oak as firewood. As it burns, smoke fills the house and releases soot that settles on the bottom of the pots. To make ink, this soot is mixed with water and animal fat (often pig fat). The bamboo stylus is called a pɯ˩ly˧ in International Phonetic Alphabet. To this day, the Dongba still use the pɯ˩ly˧ to copy manuscripts, and they make it by hand. Its manufacture requires a piece of bamboo around 20 cm long, the end of which is cut to obtain a hollow elliptical cross-section. To increase the stylus's surface area and its capacity to absorb ink, the sides of the elliptical cross-section are re-cut and the tip hollowed out with a knife on a length of approximately one centimetre. It takes less than ten minutes to make a stylus. Naxi%20Handmade%20Paper%20and%20Writing%20Instruments%0A%0A%0AMaking%20handmade%20paper%20is%20an%20important%20part%20of%20the%20traditional%20transmission%20of%20a%20Dongba%28shaman%29%E2%80%99s%20knowledge%2C%20from%20father%20to%20son.%0A%0AProducing%20the%20paper%20entails%20collecting%20materials%2C%20cooking%2C%20rinsing%2C%20beating%2C%20mixing%2C%20calendering%20and%20sun-drying.%20In%20the%20dry%20season%20%28November%20to%20May%29%2C%20it%20takes%20around%202%20or%203%20days%20to%20make%20the%20paper%2C%20while%20in%20the%20rainy%20season%20%28June%20to%20October%29%2C%20it%20can%20take%205%20days%20to%20complete%20production.%0A%0ANaxi%20paper%20is%20made%20from%20a%20type%20of%20shrub%20that%20grows%20on%20the%20hills%20of%20the%20Yunnan%20plateau%20at%20altitudes%20of%20over%202000%20metres.%20The%20Naxi%20name%20for%20this%20shrub%20is%20Azhuazhua%20%28in%20Latin%2C%20wikstroemia%20lichiangensis%29.%20It%20is%20generally%20about%20one%20metre%20tall.%20The%20Dongba%20typically%20select%20robust%20trees%20with%20as%20few%20branches%20as%20possible%2C%20taking%20branches%20from%20the%20middle%2C%20cutting%20off%20the%20ends%20and%20grouping%20them%20together%20in%20order%20to%20obtain%20more%20fibres%20easily.%0A%0AAzhuazhua%20contains%20toxic%20substances%2C%20and%20this%20toxicity%20complicates%20the%20production%20of%20handmade%20paper.%20But%20this%20manual%20labor%20creates%20a%20writing%20surface%20that%20can%20be%20transmitted%20from%20generation%20to%20generation%20because%20this%20toxicity%20acts%20as%20an%20insecticide%2C%20helping%20preserve%20religious%20manuscripts.%20By%20making%20paper%2C%20Naxi%20shamans%20transform%20natural%20materials%20into%20writing%20surfaces%20to%20be%20used%20permanently%20for%20their%20religious%20activities%2C%20but%20to%20do%20this%20they%20must%20overcome%20the%20pain%20caused%20by%20the%20material%27s%20toxicity.%20The%20pain%20often%20lasts%20one%20or%20two%20days.%20When%20first%20learning%20to%20make%20paper%2C%20a%20Dongba%E2%80%99s%20disciples%20often%20find%20it%20very%20painful%2C%20but%20once%20they%20become%20accustomed%20to%20it%2C%20they%20feel%20it%20less.%0A%0ATraditionally%2C%20ink%20is%20made%20from%20soot%20from%20the%20hearths%20of%20traditional%20Naxi%20wooden%20houses.%20The%20Naxi%20people%20of%20Baidi%20in%20Yunnan%27s%20Diqing%20Tibetan%20Autonomous%20Prefecture%20mainly%20use%20oak%20as%20firewood.%20As%20it%20burns%2C%20smoke%20fills%20the%20house%20and%20releases%20soot%20that%20settles%20on%20the%20bottom%20of%20the%20pots.%20To%20make%20ink%2C%20this%20soot%20is%20mixed%20with%20water%20and%20animal%20fat%20%28often%20pig%20fat%29.%0A%0AThe%20bamboo%20stylus%20is%20called%20a%20p%C9%AF%CB%A9ly%CB%A7%20in%20International%20Phonetic%20Alphabet.%20To%20this%20day%2C%20the%20Dongba%20still%20use%20the%20p%C9%AF%CB%A9ly%CB%A7%20to%20copy%20manuscripts%2C%20and%20they%20make%20it%20by%20hand.%20Its%20manufacture%20requires%20a%20piece%20of%20bamboo%20around%2020%20cm%20long%2C%20the%20end%20of%20which%20is%20cut%20to%20obtain%20a%20hollow%20elliptical%20cross-section.%20To%20increase%20the%20stylus%27s%20surface%20area%20and%20its%20capacity%20to%20absorb%20ink%2C%20the%20sides%20of%20the%20elliptical%20cross-section%20are%20re-cut%20and%20the%20tip%20hollowed%20out%20with%20a%20knife%20on%20a%20length%20of%20approximately%20one%20centimetre.%20It%20takes%20less%20than%20ten%20minutes%20to%20make%20a%20stylus.%0A

Materialkategori

papper

Material - tillverkning

papper

Material, engelska - tillverkning

paper

Teknik - tillverkning

handskrivet

Anmärkning

Pappersfibrerna i manuskriptet är ej identifierat, men sammansättningen är sannolikt den av ett traditionellt kinesiskt papper. Fiber som kan tänkas hittas är bark av sandelträ, alm (pteroceltis tatarinowii) och mulbärsträ men även textilfibrer i form av lump (då bl.a. ramie och hampa).

Höjd

9 cm

Bredd

28 cm

Namn - insamlare

Asp, Karl (18 - 1944), missionär

Beskrivning: Karl Asp, född 18??, död 1944, missionär. Var i Kina i två perioder, 1927-33 och 1935-44. Missionsstationen Tengyueh, Norra Yunnan, Kina. Gift med Hanna. De fick dottern Ruth.
Hanna och Karl Asp återvände till Kina 1935/36 med dottern Ruth, åtta månader gammal. Efter en tid i Tengyueh flyttade de till byn Mawshui sydväst om Tengyueh. 1943 blev familjen tillfångatagen av japanerna och efter tre månaders fångenskap blev Karl Asp dödad i ett amerikanskt bombanfall då de japanska ställningarna besköts. Hanna och Ruth blev befriades i januari 1945 av amerikanska soldater och kom hem till Sverige i början av oktober. Hanna Asp och senare dottern Ruth Asp-Odlander gav ut böcker om händelserna. (http://web.comhem.se/~u98400668/kultur/alvar_karlsson.html)
Källor, Kulturnav - samma: kulturnav.org
Källor - http: web.comhem.se
Källor, Wikipedia - beskr. av: sv.wikipedia.org

Namn - förvärvat från

Asp, Hanna (1894-12-14 - 19), missionär

Beskrivning: Hanna Asp, född 14 december 1894, Kräcklinge, död, missionär. Örebro missionsskola 1918-21. Var i Kina i två perioder, 1927-33 och 1935-45. Missionsstationen Fengyuch, Norra Yun (nan), Kina.
Maka till missionär Karl Asp. Maken Karl blev dödad vid ett bombanfall i Kina 1944. Mor till Samuel, David och Ruth.
Hon har sålt 14 mo-ssu-manuskript, Kina, inv. 46.34. till Etnografiska museet, Stockholm
Källor, Kulturnav - samma: kulturnav.org
Källor - http: web.comhem.se
Källor, Wikipedia - beskr. av: sv.wikipedia.org

Tidpunkt - förvärv till museet

1946

Förvärvsomständigheter - i fält

Manuskripten insamlades av missionär Karl Asp (funna i hydda under vistelsen 1927-1933, se Fält 2001), som vid sin missionsstation Dengyue i norra Yunnan-provinsen i Kina lät översätta en del av dem till kinesiska.

Händelse - var närvarande vid

Samlingsbesök 2023-12 Naxi manuscripts

Beskrivning: Forskningsbesök för att undersöka Naxis bildmanuskript av Zihan Li, en forskare baserad på Quai Branly Museum Paris.Forskningsbes%C3%B6k%20f%C3%B6r%20att%20unders%C3%B6ka%20Naxis%20bildmanuskript%20av%20Zihan%20Li%2C%20en%20forskare%20baserad%20p%C3%A5%20Quai%20Branly%20Museum%20Paris.

Klassifikation, OCM (bred)

Dokumentation (210)

Klassifikation, OCM (smal)

Bildkonst (532); Litterära texter (539); Mytologi (773); Skrift (212); Trossystem (779)

OWC - ursprung

AE12

Referens - publicerad i

Fäldt, Anna (2001) The Animal Symbols in the Pictographic Script of the Naxi People. M. A. Thesis in Sinology. Stockholm

Källor - http: books.google.se

Utställning - tidigare

Fetish Modernity

Tidpunkt - öppnad/start: 2013-10-192013-10-19
Tidpunkt - stängd/slut: 2014-03-302014-03-30

Utställning, del av - tidigare

Fetish Modernity - Mystic Village

Sökord

nakhi; mosu; mousu; dongba; dongbamanuskript

Ursprungsdatabas

Etno

Belongs to Samling

1946.34 :: Asp, Hanna

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1946.34.0012 :: manuskript

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