Kushan, eller Kushana (貴霜, Ku-Shan), var en dynasti som invaderade Indien och skapade ett rike under sista seklet f.Kr., vilket sedan existerade under högst ett par hundra år. Riket expanderade från dagens Samarkand i Centralasien till att förlägga sitt hjärtland till Gandhararegionen i norra Indien, men innefattande inte Ganges dalgång. Huvudstad var stundom Mathura tillsammans med nuvarande Rawalpindi, stundom Sialkot.
Kushanimperiets bildande och existens ledde till att människor med varierande etnisk bakgrund, språk och religioner förenades, samt att den indiska kulturen spred sig till Central- och Västasien.
Ett av de riken som tog Kushans plats var Guptariket. (Wikipedia 2026)
The Kushan Empire (c. 30–c. 375 CE) was a syncretic empire formed by the Yuezhi in the Bactrian territories in the early 1st century. It spread to encompass much of what is now Afghanistan, India, Pakistan, Nepal, Tajikistan and Uzbekistan. Kushan territory in India went at least as far as Saketa and Sarnath, now near Varanasi in Uttar Pradesh, where inscriptions have been found dating to the era of the Kushan emperor Kanishka the Great.
The Kushans were most probably one of five branches of the Yuezhi confederation, an Indo-European nomadic people of possible Tocharian origin, who migrated from northwestern China (Xinjiang and Gansu) and settled in ancient Bactria. The founder of the dynasty, Kujula Kadphises, followed Iranian and Greek cultural ideas and iconography after the Greco-Bactrian tradition and was a follower of the Shaivite sect of Hinduism. Many of the later Kushan kings after Kujula, were also patrons of Hinduism, including (but not limited to) Vima Kadphises and Vasudeva II. The Kushans in general were also great patrons of Buddhism, and, starting with Emperor Kanishka, they employed elements of Zoroastrianism in their pantheon. They played an important role in the spread of Buddhism to Central Asia and China, ushering in a period of relative peace for 200 years, sometimes described as "Pax Kushana". (Wikipedia 2026)